Editor's note: recently, the International Energy Agency (International Energy Agency) released the "2018 report on electric vehicles (Outlook 2018 Global EV), the report from the vehicle market, electric facilities, Energy demand and emissions, power battery, policy and the prospect of 2030 6 aspects, such as reading for the Global electric vehicle market. The following is a summary of the report.
The international energy agency: the world is expected to have 13 million electric cars by 2020
The vehicle market
In 2017, the global sales volume of electric cars exceeded 1 million, up 54% from the previous year. Norway, which accounts for 39 per cent of new car sales, has become a leader in the development of electric cars, up from 39 per cent. Iceland and Sweden came in second and third, with 11.7% and 6.3% of electric cars sold. China's electric car market share is just 2.2 per cent, but it accounts for more than half of global sales and more than twice as much as the world's second-largest electric car market, the us. In addition, about 100,000 electric buses are sold, compared with an estimated 30 million two-wheeled vehicles.
According to the data in the report, the global electric passenger vehicle market will reach 3.1 million vehicles in 2017, up 57 percent year on year, roughly equivalent to 60 percent in 2016. China has more than 1 million cars, accounting for 40% of the global market. The eu and the us each account for 40 per cent of the market. Norway has the highest market share of electric cars in the world, at 6.4%. In addition, only the Netherlands and Sweden have more than 1 percent.
The main driver of the market remains policy. These include tax cuts and financial subsidies, increased emissions from fuel vehicles and partial regional travel restrictions, as well as public procurement of vehicles to further promote electric vehicles. In addition, urban buses will be the fastest growing market for electric vehicles, and electric trucks will be gradually commercialized.
Governments around the world further deployed plans for the electric vehicle market to strengthen confidence in the electric vehicle market. Oems have also launched their own electrification strategy.
Conditions of supporting facilities
In 2017, many countries issued their own high-power charging standards (greater than 200kW). Even if there are no cars yet, some of the more powerful charging infrastructure is already in place.
At present, the number of private charging piles is much higher than that of public ones.
The goal of charging facilities is helpful to the development of charging network. Most countries only emphasize the layout of charging network on highways.
According to the survey, in northern Europe, car owners clearly prefer charging facilities in their homes and workplaces. More than 90 percent of electric-car users in Norway and Sweden charge their cars at home, and 20 percent to 40 percent charge their cars at work. In the United States, the average electric car has about 0.9 home chargers.
According to Chinese data, there are 232,000 private charging piles in 2017. According to the China electric vehicle charging infrastructure promotion alliance, private charging piles account for about 80 percent of the total market.
Energy needs and emissions
In 2017, the world's electric cars will consume 54TWh of electricity, higher than Greece's national electricity consumption. China accounts for 91 per cent of electricity consumption, mostly for passenger cars and two-wheeled vehicles. The electricity consumption of light vehicles increased significantly, higher than that of buses and two-wheeled vehicles.
China has the biggest electric market and the best record of reducing carbon dioxide emissions. So far, the increase in the number of electric cars has led to increased demand for electricity and affected transmission of the power grid. For the optimization of ev charging time, the load can be transferred to ensure a good match between power supply and demand. For example, most of the charging time of electric cars is shifted from evening peak to late night, wind power is used at night, and photovoltaic power is used during the day.
Power battery
Electric vehicle power batteries have significantly reduced costs and improved performance over the past decade. In the past five years, the continuous development of electronic technology has become the main driving force for the competitiveness of lithium-ion batteries.
The factors that influence the cost of power battery include the characteristics of battery chemical materials, the large-scale cost of power battery, the size of power battery group and the charging speed.
Lithium-ion batteries will continue to be the first choice for power batteries, improving their performance with technology. Other battery types are expected to become commonplace after 2030.
In the next few years, major developments in battery technology are likely to include:
For the cathode, the cobalt content in current cathode chemistry is reduced and the nickel ratio is increased. For the anode, the graphite structure is further improved to achieve higher charging efficiency. For electrolytes, the development of gelatinous electrolyte materials, solid electrolytes may also be introduced and further improve energy density and battery safety.
Lithium-ion air and lithium-sulfur batteries are low-tech, have yet to be tested for practical performance and have unproven performance advantages.